Bioenergy storage and management system and method

ABSTRACT

A bioenergy management system and method for generating and supplying on-demand auxiliary electrical power is disclosed. The system/method includes a biogas generation unit (BGU) that produces biogas from dairy farm manure and stores the biogas in a biogas storage unit (BSU). An stored energy electric generation unit (SEGU) converts the stored biogas to electricity. A biogas control unit (BCU) measures the quality and quantity of biogas stored in the BSU and calculates available electric power (AEP) from this information. Depending on auxiliary electrical power requirements, a utility control unit (UCU) initiates an on-demand request for electric power (REP) to the BCU using a producer communication device (PCD)/utility communication device (UCD) data link. The BCU processes the REP from the UCU and negotiates electrical power (NEP) quantity. The BCU may electrically connect the SEGU to an electric transmission grid (ETG) to allow instantaneous/scheduled NEP delivery to the ETG.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.14/452,246 filed Aug. 5, 2014, (U.S. Pat. No. 9,323,238), the technicaldisclosure of which is fully incorporated herein by referenced

PARTIAL WAIVER OF COPYRIGHT

All of the material in this patent application is subject to copyrightprotection under the copyright laws of the United States and of othercountries. As of the first effective filing date of the presentapplication, this material is protected as unpublished material.

However, permission to copy this material is hereby granted to theextent that the copyright owner has no objection to the facsimilereproduction by anyone of the patent documentation or patent disclosure,as it appears in the United States Patent and Trademark Office patentfile or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not Applicable

REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX

Not Applicable

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to bioenergy generation, storageand management. Specifically, the invention attempts to meet renewableenergy demand through bioenergy generation and storage, specificallyfrom methane gas production from organic materials including food andanimal waste.

PRIOR ART AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Prior Art Background

Over the years, consumers have learned to expect electricity on demandfrom power plants that run on coal, natural gas or oil. But these fossilfuels, which provide reliable, around-the-clock energy, also emit socalled greenhouse gas that may contribute to global warming.

Renewable energy is electricity generated by fuel sources that restorethemselves over a short period of time and do not diminish. Althoughsome renewable energy technologies have an impact on the environment,renewables are considered environmentally preferable to conventionalsources and, when replacing fossil fuels, have significant potential toreduce greenhouse gas emissions. Some of the mainstream renewabletechnologies include wind power, solar energy, hydropower, geothermalenergy and biomass. Environmental and economic benefits of renewableenergy include generating energy that produces no greenhouse gasemissions from fossil fuels, reduction in air pollution, diversifyingenergy supply, and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

Many states have encouraged and supported renewable energy generationthrough various incentives. One such incentive is a Renewable PortfolioStandard (RPS) that requires utility companies to obtain a certainpercentage of their electricity from renewable sources. Some states likeCalifornia require 30% of total energy to be generated from renewablesources by 2020. While wind power and solar energy contribute a bigportion of the renewable energy, they are intermittent resources and arenot base-load or dispatch-able. They rely on sunshine and wind whichdepend on environmental conditions that are not easily predictable norcontrollable. Therefore, there is a need for a more reliable renewableenergy source that can generate electrical power round-the-clock and/oron-demand regardless of weather conditions or renewable fuelavailability.

In addition, given the intermittent nature of most renewable energyresources and their increasingly important roll in the energy mix, thereis significant need for renewable energy storage systems that will allowindependent system operators (ISO's), such as the CA ISO, to move thedelivery of renewable energy to times in the day when it is most neededrather than when it is produced.

In addition, there is a need for an electric control system such as asmart grid, that uses information and communications technology togather and act on information, such as information about the behaviorsof suppliers/producers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improvethe efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of theproduction and distribution of renewable electricity. Information thatflows back and forth from the suppliers and utility company may aid inbalancing the load on the grid that may prevent voltage fluctuations.

Prior Art System Overview (0100)

As generally seen in the system diagram of FIG. 1 (0100), prior artsystems associated with renewable energy management may include a solarenergy unit (0101) and a wind energy unit (0102) connected to anelectric transmission line (0103) that supplies electricity to atransmission substation (0104). Substation (0104) may distribute powerto other distribution substations that then distribute power toresidences and industries using distribution lines. Solar energy unit(0101) and wind energy unit (0202) may also connect to a distributionsub substation (0105) that supplies electrical power to transmissionlines (0103).

Solar energy unit (0101) may convert solar energy into electricity inone of two ways: using photovoltaic cells, which turn the sun's lightinto electricity using a semiconductor material that absorbs photons andreleases electrons; or using solar-thermal turbines, which use the sun'sheat to generate steam, which then spins a turbine to produceelectricity.

The big problem with solar power is that the sun does not shine all thetime. At nighttime or on cloudy days, solar power plants cannot accessthe solar energy and thus cannot be relied upon to deliver power duringthese times of the day. When a cloud floats overhead, the plant may beat an energy standstill, suddenly delivering only a small portion of itsrated output. Without energy storage solar-generated power is thusunavailable many hours of the day, and especially not available, forexample, during the evening, when power demand is significant.

Wind energy unit (0102) may include turbines that can be as tall as a20-story building and have three 200-foot-long (60-meter-long) blades.The wind spins the blades, which turn a shaft connected to a generatorthat produces electricity. Wind energy, like solar, is also anintermittent resource. A sudden modest drop in wind speed can produce asudden and significantly greater drop in energy production. Producingenergy storage for wind power to smooth out the production has been oneof the key challenges of the wind industry. So far, the solution hasbeen to attempt to use lithium-ion battery systems, fly wheels or pumpedhydro systems to store wind energy, all of which have proven to be veryexpensive.

Utilities utilize fossil fuel powered generation facilities poweringthem up and down as needed to fill in the gaps between the supply fromthese intermittent resources and the demand.

Hydro and geothermal renewable energy sources are more predictable,dispatch-able and base-load like but there is limited additionalavailability of these resources resulting in much of the expanded RPSgoals being met with the other intermittent renewable energy sources.

In order to meet the renewable energy requirements i.e., as defined bythe RPS values set by certain states, electric utility companies havecome to significantly depend on wind turbines (0102) and solar energy(0101). Solar energy is one of the predominant sources of renewableenergy but due to its time of day delivery profile substantialquantities of Solar energy coming onto the grid during the afternoons iscausing grid stability issues and delivering excessively during theafternoons and insufficiently during other times of the day. As utilitycompanies strive to meet higher RPS standards they are finding the needto deploy and rely on “stored energy” systems to smooth out the deliveryand bridge the gaps caused from the significant percent of overallenergy coming from intermittent, non-base-load and non-dispatch-ablerenewable resources such as wind turbines an solar systems. Storingenergy generated from wind or solar may require energy storageinfrastructure which has historically not been cost efficient.Therefore, there is a need for additional and new innovative renewableenergy storage resources that can store renewable energy for a period oftime and that can be used to deliver and/or generate electricity whendemanded by an electric utility company.

Prior Art Renewable Energy Management Chart (0200)

As generally seen in the chart of FIG. 2a (0200), power and energyoutput from prior art associated with renewable energy generation isplotted against time of the day. X-axis (0201) shows the time of the dayand Y-axis (0202) shows total renewable available electric powerproduction. In most cases, total renewable available electric power isprimarily a combination of wind energy and solar energy. As seen fromFIG. 2, available renewable electric power production may start forexample at 7.5% during night and early part of the 30 day when there isno sunshine. Available electric power may rise to 30% or more (and agrowing %) of demand during the afternoon hours when the solar energy isat its peak. As seen in FIG. 2a , (0213) shows shortage of renewableenergy during night and early hours of the day and potentially an excessof renewable energy in the afternoons.

In addition, Independent System Operators (ISO's) and Public UtilityCommissions in states such as California where RPS goals are high andrenewable energy is becoming significant have initiated major energystorage procurement programs because of the so called “Duck Curve”problem (FIG. 2b ). A grid stability problem (Duck Curve) arises as theamount of solar energy coming onto the grid in the afternoons causes toohigh of a dependency on intermittent renewable resources. Withoutrenewable energy storage, the more reliable fossil fuel plants mustpower down to accommodate the influx of intermittent power flowing ontothe grid. This causes rising grid instability during these times as thebase load generators that historically provide grid frequencysynchronization go off line. As shown in FIG. 2b , the Duck Curveproblem is projected to become significantly worse over the next severalyears especially as shown from 2015 to 2020. Therefore, there is a needto store renewable energy when it is in excess supply.

Deficiencies in the Prior Art

The prior art as detailed above suffers from the following deficiencies:

-   -   Prior art systems do not provide for reliable renewable energy        sources that can generate electrical power round-the-clock or        on-demand regardless of weather conditions.    -   Prior art systems do not provide for reliable renewable energy        sources that can be stored for a period of time and generate        electricity when demanded by an electric utility company.    -   Prior art renewable energy systems do not provide for        complementing currently available renewable energy sources to        meet state policies for obtaining a certain percentage of        electric power from renewable sources without using batteries or        low efficiency energy storage systems such as fly wheels or        compressed air.    -   Prior art systems do not provide for communication between        renewable energy sources and utility companies in an automated        fashion to manage a stored renewable energy resource to improve        efficiencies and grid stability.

While some of the prior art may teach some solutions to several of theseproblems, the core issue of storing renewable energy and generatingelectric power using renewable sources has not been effectivelyaddressed by prior art.

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the objectives of the present invention are (among others)to circumvent the deficiencies in the prior art and affect the followingobjectives:

-   -   (1) Provide for reliable renewable energy sources that can        generate electrical power round-the-clock, or on-demand        regardless of weather or solar conditions.    -   (2) Provide for reliable renewable energy sources that can store        renewable energy for a period of time and use this stored energy        to generate electricity when required or demanded by an electric        utility company.    -   (3) Provide for complementing currently available renewable        energy sources to meet state policies for obtaining a certain        percentage of electric power from renewable sources.    -   (4) Provide a means to (simultaneously generate and) store        renewable energy in form of bio-methane or biogas, produced at        one time for use at another time, coupled with a means to        convert this stored energy into electricity when needed or when        required by a utility or ISO.    -   (5) Provide for communication between renewable energy sources        and utility companies in an automated fashion to improve        efficiencies.

While these objectives should not be understood to limit the teachingsof the present invention, in general these objectives are achieved inpart or in whole by the disclosed invention that is discussed in thefollowing sections. One skilled in the art will no doubt be able toselect aspects of the present invention as disclosed to affect anycombination of the objectives described above.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION System Overview

The present invention in various embodiments addresses one or more ofthe above objectives in the following manner. The present inventionprovides a system to store bioenergy and generate electricity on-demand.The system includes a biogas generation unit (BGU) that produces biogasfrom dairy farm manure or other organic sources and stores the biogas ina biogas storage unit (BSU). A stored energy electric generation unit(SEGU) that converts the stored renewable energy in the form of biogasto electricity. A biogas control unit (BCU) measures the quality and/orquantity of biogas stored in the BSU and calculates available electricpower (AEP) from this information. Depending on auxiliary electricalpower requirements, a utility control unit (UCU) initiates an on-demandrequest for electric power (REP) to the BCU using a producercommunication device (PCD)/utility communication device (UCD) data link.In a preferred exemplary embodiment the REP may be communicated by anelectric utility company to a biogas producer via a phone call. The BCUensures sufficient stored energy is available to meet contracted energystorage amounts and obligations and allows excess biogas to be vented,flared or used to generate electrical power via a generator notcontrollable by the UCU. The BCU ensures that after energy delivery isrequested by the UCU that biogas is no longer vented, flared or consumedby other devices in excessive amounts until such time as the energystorage system has been re-charged to its contract storage level. TheBCU processes the REP from the UCU and delivers electrical power (NEP)quantity. The BCU may electrically connect the SEGU to an electrictransmission grid (ETG) to allow immediate or scheduled NEP delivery tothe ETG. Alternatively the SEGU may deliver NEP to an on-site consumerin a “behind the meter” mode of operation where the SEGU is notconnected to a UCD but is controlled by programmable logic in the BCU.

Method Overview

The present invention system may be utilized in the context of anoverall bioenergy management method, wherein the bioenergy managementsystem described previously is controlled by a method having thefollowing steps:

-   -   (1) with said BCU, waiting for a request for electrical power        (REP) indicating quantity (power level and duration) from a        utility company;    -   (2) with said BCU, acknowledging said REP to said utility        company;    -   (3) with said BCU, calculating available electrical energy and        power (AEP) from said stored biogas;    -   (4) with said BCU, determining if said AEP is greater than 0,        and if so, proceeding to step (7);    -   (5) with said BCU, responding with non-availability to said        utility company;    -   (6) with said BGU, generating biogas and proceeding to said step        (1);    -   (7) with said BCU, responding with said AEP quantity to said        utility company;    -   (8) with said utility company, sending authorization to said        BCU, for a negotiated electrical power (NEP) that is less than        or equal to said AEP;    -   (9) with said BCU, determining if said NEP is required        instantaneously, and if not, proceeding to step (11);    -   (10) with said BCU, connecting said SEGU to said ETG,        transmitting said NEP and proceeding to said step (1); and    -   (11) with said BCU, connecting said SEGU to the ETG at a        scheduled time, transmitting said NEP and proceeding to said        step (1).

Integration of this and other preferred exemplary embodiment methods inconjunction with a variety of preferred exemplary embodiment systemsdescribed herein in anticipation by the overall scope of the presentinvention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a fuller understanding of the advantages provided by the invention,reference should be made to the following detailed description togetherwith the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates a system block overview diagram describing how priorart systems approach bioenergy management.

FIG. 2a illustrates a graph describing how prior art systems managerenewable energy.

FIG. 2b shows a graph (“Duck Curve”) describing how prior art systemscan destabilize the energy grid and fail to manage renewable energywithout renewable energy storage.

FIG. 3a illustrates an exemplary system block overview describing apresently preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3b illustrates an exemplary block overview of a bioenergy systemsupplying “behind the meter” electrical energy to users according to apresently preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3c illustrates an exemplary system block overview of a hybridbiogas generation system with different types of ADUs and BGUsprocessing different fractions or types of organic materials or otherintermittent renewable energy source(s) describing a presently preferredembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3d illustrates an exemplary system automatic communication systemoverview describing a presently preferred embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a preferred exemplarybiogas generation unit (BGU) embodiment.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary overview flowchart describing apresently preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5a illustrates an exemplary biogas storage automatic communicationflowchart describing a presently preferred embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 6 illustrates a detailed flowchart of a preferred exemplaryavailable electrical power (AEP) calculation method used in somepreferred exemplary invention embodiments.

FIG. 7 illustrates a detailed flowchart of a preferred exemplary biogasgeneration and control method used in some preferred exemplary inventionembodiments.

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a preferred exemplarycontrol and communication system.

FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a preferred exemplary communicationmethod used in some preferred exemplary invention embodiments.

FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a preferred exemplaryelectrical generation unit (EGU) embodiment.

FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a preferred exemplarybiogas control unit (BCU) embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many differentforms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described indetailed preferred embodiment of the invention with the understandingthat the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification ofthe principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the broadaspect of the invention to the embodiment illustrated.

The numerous innovative teachings of the present application will bedescribed with particular reference to the presently preferredembodiment, wherein these innovative teachings are advantageouslyapplied to the particular problems of a bioenergy management system andmethod. However, it should be understood that this embodiment is onlyone example of the many advantageous uses of the innovative teachingsherein. In general, statements made in the specification of the presentapplication do not necessarily limit any of the various claimedinventions. Moreover, some statements may apply to some inventivefeatures but not to others.

Preferred Embodiment System Block Diagram (0350)

The present invention may be seen in more detail as generallyillustrated in FIG. 3a (0350), wherein a biogas storage unit (BSU)(0351) is in fluid communication with a stored energy electricalgeneration unit (SEGU) (0352). According to a preferred exemplaryembodiment, plural BSUs (0351) may be in fluid communication with theSEGU (0352).

The BSU(s) (0351) may be configured to transfer biogas to SEGU (0352)using a conduit large enough for safe and efficient transfer. Theconduit may be controlled by auxiliary control systems and valves. TheBSU(s) (0351) may be connected to a biogas generation unit (BGU) thatfurther comprises operational units as described below in FIG. 4. In apreferred exemplary embodiment, the BGU may be configured to connect toSEGU (0352) directly to supply biogas. The SEGU (0352) further comprisesoperational units that are described below in FIG. 10. In some cases,when BSU(s) (0301) and SEGU (0352) are separated by long distances, apump or blower may be used to transfer the biogas. Additionally, manualstorage equipment may also be used to transport the biogas.

A biogas control unit (BCU) (0353) may be electronically coupled to theBSU(s) (0351) and the SEGU (0352). The BCU (0353) may use analog ordigital electronic signals to control remote units and sensors. A usermay invoke an automated process using a graphical user interface (GUI)on BCU (0353). FIG. 11 as generally described below, further providesadditional details for the BCU (0353). The BCU (0353) may furtherinclude logic controllers to control transfer of information, electriccircuits to receive/transmit signals and microcontrollers to interfacewith the automated processes. For example, the BCU (0353) may turn on anoutput valve on the BSU(s) (0351) and an input value on the SEGU (0352)enabling biogas fluid transfer.

In another preferred exemplary embodiment, the BCU (0353) may beelectronically coupled to an Anaerobic Digestive Units (ADUs) (0360).The ADUs (0360) may store and transfer biogas to the SEGU (0352)directly.

The utility company may communicate directly with the BCU (0353) via amanual communication link for example, a communications link to anoperator delivered via a telephone call. In a preferred exemplaryembodiment, a manual communication link, for example a telephone, may beused to communicate utility company on-demand requests to biogasproducers.

Preferred Embodiment “Behind The Meter” Biogas Generation Unit (BGU)(0320)

The present invention may be seen in more detail as generallyillustrated in FIG. 3b (0320), wherein a biogas storage unit (BSU)(0311) is in fluid communication with an stored energy electricalgeneration unit (SEGU) (0312). According to a preferred exemplaryembodiment, plural BSUs (0311) may be in fluid communication with theSEGU (0312). An ADU (0315) may also supply biogas to SEGU (0312).According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, SEGU (0312) may generateelectricity to dispatch to a user transmission line (UTL) (0314) thatmay supply electricity to plural user's on-demand or scheduled. Thisform of “behind the meter” energy supply is not controlled/dispatched bythe UCU (0307), rather it is stored and used to supply power to a user(industrial user, agricultural user, small battery systems forresidential users)—not set up to supply power to the grid wheninstructed to do so by the UCU (0307). It is “behind the meter” becauseit supplies the UTL (0314) not the ETG (0304). In this configuration,the BCU (0353) may be programmed to initiate energy delivery from theSEGU (0312) on a schedule such as by time of day or day of week or anyother factor if BSU (0311) has biogas availability.

Preferred Embodiment Hybrid Generation Unit (HGU) (0330)

An exemplary embodiment may be seen in more detail as generallyillustrated in FIG. 3c (0330), wherein a biogas storage unit (BSU)(0321) is in fluid communication with a stored energy electricalgeneration unit (SEGU) (0322). An alternate intermittent renewableelectric generation unit (AEGU) (0326) may also be combined with SEGU(0322) to generate and supply the ETG (0324) with electricity. Theintermittent sources used for AEGU (0326) may be wind turbines or solarcells.

Preferred Embodiment Automatic Communication System Block Diagram (0300)

The present invention may be seen in more detail as generallyillustrated in FIG. 3d (0300), wherein a biogas storage unit (BSU)(0301) is in fluid communication with a stored energy electricalgeneration unit (SEGU) (0302). According to a preferred exemplaryembodiment, plural BSUs (0301) may be in fluid communication with theSEGU (0302).

The BSU(s) (0301) may be configured to transfer biogas to SEGU (0302)using a conduit large enough for safe and efficient transfer. Theconduit may be controlled by auxiliary control systems and valves. TheBSU(s) (0301) may be connected to a biogas generation unit (BGU) thatfurther comprises operational units as described below in FIG. 4. In apreferred exemplary embodiment the BGU may be configured to connect tothe SEGU (0302) directly to supply biogas. The SEGU (0302) furthercomprises operational units that are described below in FIG. 10. In somecases, when the BSU(s) (0301) and the SEGU (0302) are separated by longdistances,

-   -   a pump or blower may be used to transfer the biogas.        Additionally, manual storage equipment may also be used to        transport the biogas.

A biogas control unit (BCU) (0303) may be electronically connected tothe BSU(s) (0301), the SEGU (0302) and a producer communication device(PCD) (0305). The BCU (0303) may use analog or digital electronicsignals to control remote units and sensors. A user may invoke anautomated process using a graphical user interface (GUI) on BCU (0303).FIG. 11 as generally described below, further provides additionaldetails for BCU (0303). The BCU (0303) may further include logiccontrollers to control transfer of information, electric circuits toreceive/transmit signals and microcontrollers to interface with theautomated processes. For example, BCU (0303) may turn on an output valveon BSU(s) (0301) and an input value on SEGU (0302) enabling biogas fluidtransfer.

In another preferred exemplary embodiment, the BCU (0303) may beelectronically coupled to an Anaerobic Digestive Units (ADUs) (0310).The ADUs (0310) may store and transfer biogas to the SEGU (0302)directly.

The BCU (0303) is also configured to communicate electronically with PCD(0305). The PCD (0305) may be used to transmit and receive informationfrom a utility communication device (UCD) (0306) via an established datalink (0308). The PCD (0305) and UCD (0306) may be similar to intelligentcommunication devices (ICD) that are generally used in smart gridtechnology. A utility company that operates a utility control unit (UCU)(0307) may remotely control UCD (0306) and monitor its status. Theutility company may also communicate with BCU (0303) directly via amanual communication link (0309) for example via a communications to anoperator delivered via a telephone call. Further details of theinteractions of BCU (0303), PCD (0305), UCD (0306) and UCU (0307) aredescribed in FIG. 8. The UCU (0307) may send requests for electric power(REP) to BCU (0303) via data link (0308). Likewise, BCU (0303) mayrespond back to UCU (0307) via data link (0308). According to apreferred exemplary embodiment, the above described communication methodmay be used to meet on-demand requests for electric power from renewablesources. In another preferred exemplary embodiment, a manualcommunication link (0309), for example a telephone, may be used tocommunicate utility company on-demand requests to biogas producers.

Preferred Embodiment Biogas Generation Unit (BGU) (0400)

The present invention may be seen in more detail as generallyillustrated in FIG. 4 (0400), wherein a biogas generation unit (BGU)(0410) includes a manure processing unit (MPU) (0411) and an anaerobicdigestive unit (ADU) (0412). BGU (0410) may be operatively connected toa biogas storage unit (BSU) (0413). The operation and control of MPU(0411) may be remotely managed by a manure control unit (MCU) (0421).Similarly, the operation and control of ADU (0412) may be remotelymanaged by a digester control unit (DCU) (0422) and the operation andcontrol of BSU (0413) may be remotely managed by a storage control unit(SCU) (0423). A central control system (CCS) in the BCU (0420) mayinclude MCU (0421), ADU (0422) and SCU (0423) as part of the overallcontrol system.

According to one preferred embodiment, dairy farm manure (DFM) may becollected from one or more dairy farms in the form of liquid or solidinfluent and then processed in MPU (0411). The DFM collection may beintegrated into existing dairy farm operation. The energy in the methanethat is produced naturally by anaerobic decomposition of the DFM wouldotherwise be wasted and released into the atmosphere, if not collectedand stored. The MPU (0411) may include a collection pit, a processingpit, flush or scrape manure collection systems and/or mechanicalseparators. A pump and agitation system may transfer the DFM from thepit to an inclined screen solids separator where wet fibrous solids areseparated from the liquid influent. The MCU (0421) may measure flows andcontrol and monitor the operation of MPU (0411). For example, MCU (0421)may control the transport of processed DFM from the MPU (0411) to theADU (0412). The MPU (0411) may also be configured to separate thesolids/organics from DFM before transporting to the ADU (0412). Theorganics could be collected from agricultural substrates, human wastebeing processed at a waste water plant, or organic fraction of municipalsolid waste stream (OFMSW). In one preferred exemplary embodiment, theADU (0412) may receive feedstock from a combination of the organics suchas agricultural substrates, human waste from waste water plant, OFMSW orDFM. It should be noted that any of the abovementioned combinations maybe used in a hybrid manner to feed ADU (0412) for biogas production.

Additionally, the MPU (0411) may further concentrate, separate or directalready separated organics and/or manure such that the high solidsportion of a feedstock goes to one type of ADU configured for highsolids such as a continuous stirred tank reactor (“CSTR”) and/or a plugflow reactor and the low solids content portion goes to a covered lagoonADU or a similar type ADU (0412) more suited to low solids. The MPU(0411) may incorporate a tank or in ground plug flow digester (typicallyoperating at a mesophillic or thermophillic temperature) for processingseparated solids with a high total solids content around 5 to 20% totalsolids operating in parallel with a lagoon style digester (typicallyoperating at a pyschrophilic temperature, i.e., ambient) which handlesthe low total solids concentration liquids (typically less than 5% totalsolids). The hybrid arrangement may allow for an improved system to biodigester and process dilute effluents.

In one preferred exemplary embodiment, the MPU (0411) and the ADU (0412)may co-exist in one location or separated by a long distance. If the MPU(0411) and the ADU (0412) co-exist in one location, a conduit may beused to transfer processed DFM to the ADU (0412). A pump may be used topump the DFM. A transport mechanism may be used to transfer DFM, if theMPU (0411) and the ADU (0412) are separated by long distances.Determination of using the transport mechanism or a pump to transfer DFMmay be made depending on factors such as distance, volume of DFM andpumping capacity.

Anaerobic digestion process (ADP) is a series of bio-chemical reactionsby which microorganisms break down biodegradable material such as DFM,in the absence of oxygen. In the ADU (0412), microorganisms break downthe DFM and create biogas, which is then trapped in the digester. Thecaptured biogas primarily consists of methane, a potent greenhouse gas.One of the bi-products of ADP is carbon-dioxide. An equation describingADP biogas production is as follows:

CH₆H₁₂O₆→3CO₂+3CH₄

The conversion of the DFM's organic nitrogen to its inorganic form (over60% conversion) makes the nitrogen more available to the crops.

According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, various pasteurizationand concentration techniques may be used to convert the bi-products fromADP into valuable co-products including fertilizer. The bi-products maybe transferred to an Effluent Processing Unit (EPU) (0431) thatprocesses the bi-products to produce a fertilizer. The fertilizer may bemarketed for use in agricultural farms.

The DCU (0422) may control the temperature of ADP and regulateinput/output and other operations of ADU (0412). The DCU (0422) mayfurther monitor the quality of biogas and the concentration of methanein the biogas using a generally available gas analyzer. The BCU (0420)may use the measured quality of biogas to calculate available electricalpower (AEP) generation potential.

The BCU (0420) may use pressure sensors, laser scanning and/or opticalscanning systems to measure the loft and elevation of a flexible coverbase BSU (0413) and thus integrate and calculate the volume of storedbiogas, stored energy value and available electric energy production oravailable electric power (AEP).

The ADU (0412) may be configured to transfer biogas to BSU (0413) usinga conduit large enough for safe and efficient transfer. The ADU (0412)may also be used to store and transfer biogas to SEGU. Auxiliary controlsystems and valves in BCU (0420) may remotely control operations of theconduit.

Selection of an appropriate biogas storage system may make a significantcontribution to the efficiency and safety of a bioenergy system. Abiogas storage system may also compensate for fluctuations in theproduction and consumption of biogas as well as temperature-relatedchanges in volume. The BSU (0413) may be a bioenergy storage system thattypically operates at pressures below 2 psi. The BSU (0413) may be madeof steel, fiberglass, or a flexible fabric. A separate tank may be usedwith a floating gas holder for the storage of the digestate (bi-product)and also storage of the raw biogas.

In a preferred exemplary embodiment the BSU (0413) and the ADU (0412)are integrated into a single system such as a covered lagoon digesterwith a flexible covering that may have folds built into it or besufficiently flexible to able to expand and store the produced biogasand still sustain and maintain its integrity under worst case windloads.

The BSU (0413) may also be a gas holder with a flexible inflatablefabric top. Flexible membrane materials commonly used for these gasholders may include high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-densitypolyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), andchlorosulfonated polyethylene covered polyester. Thicknesses for covermaterials typically may vary from 0.5 to 2.5 millimeters. According to apreferred exemplary embodiment, BSU (0413) may store biogas for a periodof less than 7 days.

According to one preferred exemplary embodiment, ADU (0412) may act as aself-contained biogas storage unit. After completing ADP process, ADU(0412) may produce and store the biogas in ADU (0412) and directlytransfers the biogas gas to SEGU (0302), when instructed by BCU (0420).The ADU (0412) may include a flexible membrane inflatable top thatexpands as needed to allow for more biogas storage. Materials used forthe inflatable top may be similar to the materials used in BSU (0413) asdescribed above. Depending on the capacity and demand of biogas, ADU(0412) may store biogas independently or in conjunction with a BSU(0413).

According to another preferred exemplary embodiment, plural ADUs (0412)may produce, store, and transfer biogas to SEGU (0302) for generatingelectrical power. The ADU's (0412) may store the biogas for less than 7days.

According to yet another preferred exemplary embodiment, plural ADUs maystore and transfer biogas to plural BSUs or a standalone BSU.

Preferred Exemplary Method Embodiment (0520)

As generally seen in the flow chart of FIG. 5 (0520), the presentinvention method may be generally described in terms of the followingsteps:

-   -   (1) with the BCU, waiting for a request for electrical power        (REP) indicating quantity (power level and duration) from a        utility company (0521);    -   (2) with the BCU, acknowledging the REP to the utility company        (0522);    -   (1) with the BCU, calculating available electrical energy and        power (AEP) from the stored biogas (0523); BCU ensures the        contracted amount of stored energy is available example 10 MWhrs        if this is the contract mechanism;    -   (3) with the BCU, determining if the AEP is greater than 0, and        if so, proceeding to step (0527) (0524);    -   (4) with the BCU, responding with non-availability to the        utility company (0525);    -   (5) with the BGU, generating biogas and proceeding to the step        (0521) (0526);    -   (6) with the BCU, responding with the AEP quantity to the        utility company (0527);    -   (7) with the utility company, sending authorization to the BCU,        for a negotiated electrical power (NEP) that is less than or        equal to the AEP (0528);    -   (8) with the BCU, determining if the NEP is required        instantaneously, and if not, proceeding to step (0531) (0529);    -   (9) with the BCU, connecting the SEGU to the ETG, transmitting        the NEP and proceeding to the step (0521) (0530); and    -   (10) with the BCU, connecting the SEGU to the ETG at a scheduled        time, transmitting the NEP and proceeding to the step (0521)        (0531).

One skilled in the art will recognize that these method steps may beaugmented or rearranged without limiting the teachings of the presentinvention. This general method summary may be augmented by the variouselements described herein to produce a wide variety of inventionembodiments consistent with this overall design description.

Preferred Exemplary Biogas Storage Automatic Communication MethodEmbodiment (0500)

As generally seen in the Biogas Storage Automatic Communication flowchart of FIG. 5a (0500), the present invention method may be generallydescribed in terms of the following steps:

-   -   (1) with the PCD, establishing a network connection with the UCD        (0501);    -   (2) with the BCU, waiting for a request for electrical power        (REP) from the UCD (0502);    -   (3) with the PCD, receiving the REP indicating quantity (power        level and duration) from the UCU via the UCD (0503);    -   (4) with the PCD, acknowledging the REP to the UCD and        forwarding the REP to the BCU (0504);    -   (2) with the BCU, calculating available electrical energy and        power (AEP) from the stored biogas (0505); BCU ensures the        contracted amount of stored energy is available example 10 MWhrs        if this is the contract mechanism;    -   (5) with the BCU, determining if the AEP is greater than 0, and        if so, proceeding to step (0508) (0506);    -   (6) with the BCU, responding with non-availability of the REP to        the UCU via the PCD and the UCD (0507);    -   (7) with the BGU, generating biogas and proceeding to the step        (0502) (0508);    -   (8) with the BCU, responding with the AEP quantity to the UCU        via the PCD and the UCD (0509);    -   (9) with the UCU, sending authorization to the BCU via the UCD        and the PCD, for a negotiated electrical power (NEP) that is        less than or equal to the AEP (0510);    -   (10) with the BCU, determining if the NEP is required        instantaneously, and if not, proceeding to step (0513) (0511);    -   (11) with the BCU, connecting the SEGU to the ETG, transmitting        the NEP and proceeding to the step (0502) (0512); and    -   (12) with the BCU, connecting the SEGU to the ETG at a scheduled        time, transmitting the NEP and proceeding to the step (0502)        (0513).

One skilled in the art will recognize that these method steps may beaugmented or rearranged without limiting the teachings of the presentinvention. This general method summary may be augmented by the variouselements described herein to produce a wide variety of inventionembodiments consistent with this overall design description.

Preferred Exemplary Available Electric Power (AEP) Determination MethodEmbodiment (0600)

As generally seen in the flow chart of FIG. 6 (0600), a preferredexemplary available electric power (AEP) determination method may begenerally described in terms of the following steps:

-   -   (1) with the utility company, forwarding a request to BCU for        determining AEP (0601);    -   (2) with the BCU, determining quality of biogas by measuring the        percentage of methane in the BSU (0602);    -   (3) with the BCU, determining quantity of biogas by measuring        the percentage of methane in the BSU (0603);    -   (4) with the BCU, calculating AEP based on the quality and the        quantity of biogas available in the BSU and the efficiency of        EGU (0604); and    -   (5) Returning to the step (0504) (0605).

AEP may be calculated as a function of gas volume in the BSU/ADP,methane percentage, pressure, temperature, and calorific value ofmethane. Gas volume may be calculated as a function of storage vesseldimensions, level of inflation or expansion of the BSU/ADP.

Gas volume for a flexible inflatable covered BSU/ADP may be determinedby measuring the height of inflation and/or more accurately by scanningthe inflated cover with a laser or optical or other type of remotescanning device and integrating the results. A laser scanner as used bysurveyors to calculate the volume of a pile could continuously scan andmonitor the cover height and shape of a BSU using a flexible cover. Asoftware algorithm (“fuel gauge”) may calculate AEP based on thecalculated volume, pressure, methane percentage and other factors. This“fuel gauge” could be used to guarantee contracted obligations to showsufficient stored energy availability and recharge rates after adischarge.

Preferred Exemplary Biogas Production and Control Method Embodiment(0700)

As generally seen in the flow chart of FIG. 7 (0700), a preferredexemplary biogas production and control method may be generallydescribed in terms of the following steps:

-   -   (1) with biogas facility, procuring dairy farm manure (DFM)        (0701);    -   (2) with the MPU, processing the procured DFM to extract solids        from the DFM (0702);    -   (3) with the MPU, transferring the processed DFM to the ADU        (0703);    -   (4) with the ADU, producing biogas through ADP (0704);    -   (5) with the ADU, transferring the biogas to the BSU (0705);    -   (6) with the BSU, storing the biogas in the BSU at ambient        temperature (0706);    -   (7) with the BCU, determining if stored biogas exceeds the        capacity of the BSU, if not, proceeding to step (0710) (0707);    -   (8) with an excess biogas processing unit (EPU), flaring or        venting the excess biogas (0708);    -   (9) with the BSU, transferring the biogas to a base load        electric generation unit BEGU (0709);    -   (10) with the BCU, determining if the remaining stored biogas        exceeds minimum biogas storage requirements to meet contractual        biogas energy demand (for example, biogas required to generate        electricity for 4 hours a day), if so, proceeding to step (0709)        (0710); and    -   (11) returning to step (0507) (0711).

Preferred Embodiment Control and Communication System (0800)

The present invention may be seen in more detail as generallyillustrated in FIG. 8 (0800), wherein a control and communication systemis described. The system may include a utility control unit (UCU)(0810), a utility communication device (UCD) (0820), a producercommunication device (PCD) (0830), and a biogas control unit (BCU)(0840).

An electric utility company (EUC) may manage the operation and controlof UCU (0810). The EUC may have a central control system that managesenergy suppliers such as renewable energy producers and may manage andmonitor consumers such as residential and industrial customers via smartmeters. The EUC may also calculate and forecast demand based on consumerneeds and history. Additionally, EUC may need to meet the demand with asupply from the producers. Furthermore, the EUC may instruct UCU (0810)to generate a request for electrical power (REP) based on the demand. Insome instances, EUC may not be able to accurately forecast demand andmight need immediate or instantaneous supply of electric power, forexample in 10 minutes. In these cases, EUC may instruct UCU (0810) togenerate a request indicating the instantaneous nature of the request.The UCU (0810) may be connected to UCD (0820) and also configured tosend and receive requests to UCD (0820).

In a preferred exemplary embodiment, if the need for electrical power isinstantaneous, an electrochemical battery of relatively short duration(capacity) may be placed between the SEGU and the utility withsufficient power and duration to instantaneously provide power andenergy thus bridging the time the SEGU needs to power up and come online which typically may be within a few minutes.

The UCD (0820) is a communication device that may include a transmitter(CTR) (0821) and a receiver (CCR) (0822). Likewise, PCD (0830) is acommunication device that may include a transmitter (PTR) (0832) and areceiver (PCR) (0831). The CTR (0821) may be connected to PCR (0831) fortransmitting data such as request for electric power (REP). Similarly,CCR (0822) may be connected to PTR (0832) for receiving data such asresponses for REP.

A network connection may need to be established between UCD (0820) andPCD (0830) before communicating with each other. The network connectionmay be a wired connection using a copper wire or a wireless connectionusing such protocols as 3G, 4G, or LTE. The wired connection may beestablished by a generally available protocol such as Ethernet. Once anetwork connection is established between UCD (0820) and PCD (0830), UCU(0810) may send a REP and receive a response from BCU (0840).

The BCU (0840) may be connected to PCD (0830) and also configured tosend and receive requests to PCD (0830).

According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, UCU (0810) may generateREP instantaneously or schedule REP for a later time. The CTR (0821) maytransmit the REP to PCR (0831). The PCR (0831) may parse the request andforward it to BCU (0840). The BCU (0840) may then process the REP andsend a response back to PCD (0830) indicating available electric power(AEP). The PTR (0832) may send the response to CCR (0822) which may thenforward to UCU (0810) for further processing.

According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, the communication channelfrom UCU (0810) to BCU (0840) may be kept open at all times to fulfillon-demand energy requirements round-the-clock.

Preferred Exemplary Communication Flowchart Embodiment (0900)

As generally seen in the flow chart of FIG. 9 (0900), a preferredexemplary bioenergy system communication flowchart may include a BCU(0303) continuously managing stored biogas to maintain availableelectrical power (AEP). The UCU (0307) may initiate a request forelectric power (REP) indicating quantity required (power level andduration). The UCU (0307) may communicate directly with BCU (0303) via amanual communication link (0309), for example a telephone call or ahotline. A network connection (data link (0308)) between UCD (0306) andPCD (0305) may be established. The network connection may be wired orwireless. The REP may be forwarded to UCD (0306) which subsequentlytransmits the REP to PCD (0305). The PCD (0305) forwards the request toBCU (0303) for further processing. The BCU (0303), which is waiting fora REP, acknowledges the request to UCU (0303) via data link (0308).

The BCU (0303) may then parse the received REP and extract quantityrequired. The BCU (0303) may calculate available electrical power (AEP)based on quality and quantity of stored biogas in BGU (0301) andefficiency of SEGU (0302). The AEP may be less than or more than theREP. The BCU (0303) may acknowledge with AEP quantity. In some cases, aprice may be pre-negotiated in an existing contract between the EUC andthe bioenergy producer. The acknowledgement is forwarded to UCU (0307)via data link (0308).

The UCU (0307) may send an authorization back to BCU (0303) with anegotiated electrical power quantity (NEP). The UCU (0307) may alsoindicate in the authorization, if the NEP is required instantaneously orscheduled for a later time.

The BCU (0303) may receive the authorization and determine the urgencyof transmitting NEP. If NEP is instantaneously required, BCU (0303) mayremotely send a signal to start a generator in SEGU (0302) andsynchronize to the ETG (0304). Otherwise, BCU (0303) may schedule thecoupling for the requested schedule time. The BCU (0303) may stop BEGUto replenish biogas and start BEGU when a required minimum biogas isstored.

Preferred Embodiment Electrical Generation Unit (EGU) (1000)

The present invention may be seen in more detail as generallyillustrated in FIG. 10 (1000), wherein a biogas storage unit (BSU)and/or anaerobic digestive unit (ADP) (1001) are configured to transfergas to a stored energy electric generation unit (SEGU) (1010), a baseload electric generation unit (BEGU) (1003) and a excess biogasprocessing unit (EPU) (1004) The SEGU (1010) is configured to becontrolled electronically by BCU (1002). Upon receiving a control signalfrom BCU (1002), SEGU (1010) may electrically couple to ETG (1020)transmitting electrical power over ETG (1020).

The BEGU (1003) may operate continuously to consume excess biogasgenerated from the BSU/ADP (1001). The BEGU (1003) may run under a loador no load. The EPU (1004) may be used to flare or vent excess biogas. Acombination of EPU (1004) and BEGU (1003) may be used to consume or burnexcess biogas. The BCU (1002) monitors stored biogas in BSU (1001) toensure minimum required biogas volume is present in order to meetcontractual conditions. For example, the contract might includedelivering electrical power for 4 hours during a certain time of eachday. In the remaining part of the day, excess biogas produced is flaredor vented in EPU (1004) or consumed in BEGU (1003).

The SEGU (1010) may further comprise an electric generator (1011)coupled to an electric transformer (1012). The generator (1011) receivesbiogas from BSU/ADP (1001) and converts it into electrical power using acombustion process. Typically, generator (1011) uses the energy in thebiogas to drive a crank shaft. The crank shaft turns an alternator toproduce electricity. Heat is also produced during this process. Theefficiency of the generator may be taken into account when theelectrical output is calculated.

The output from the generator (1011) may be transformed into therequired voltage and frequency that conforms to ETG (1020). Thetransformer (1012) with a circuit breaker may be used to synchronize thefrequency (example 50 Hz) of the generated electrical power to the ETG(1020).

According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, the generator (1011) mayuse a spinning reserve of biogas to keep running in idle without a load.For example, generator (1011) may rotate at a constant 1500 revolutionsper minute in idle mode. This enables the generator to instantaneouslygenerate electrical power without delay, when a request forinstantaneous power is received. Business factors may enable bioenergyproducers to negotiate a better price that would offset the spinningreserve biogas used for running generator (1011) in idle mode.Additionally, bioenergy producers may negotiate pricing schedule withEUCs based on time of the day and urgency of the request. This wouldallow for bioenergy producers to have a profitable business model.

According to a further preferred exemplary embodiment, the BEGU (1003)and the SEGU (1010) may be combined as one electric generation unit(EGU) but partitioned or segmented. The BCU (1002) may instruct theutilization percentages of BEGU (1003) and SEGU (1010). For example BCUmay instruct to combine 50 percent BEGU (1003) and 50 percent SEGU(1010) to generate electricity to the ETG (1020).

According to yet another preferred exemplary embodiment, the SEGU (1010)may be coupled directly to a user transmission line (UTL) (1005) toprovide on-demand “behind the meter” electricity.

Preferred Embodiment Biogas Control Unit (BCU) (1100)

The present invention may be seen in more detail as generallyillustrated in FIG. 11 (1100), wherein BCU (1101) includes a biogascomputing device (BCD) (1110) that is configured for enabling users suchas process control engineers, operators, managers to interact withcentral control system (CCS) (1105). The BCU (1101) may further comprisea logic controller (1103) that directs data flow, a CCS (1105), anetwork controller (1104) that enables remote network connection, amicrocontroller (1102) that executes instructions read from acomputer-readable medium (1111), and a graphical user interface (GUI)(1112) with a pointing device. The CCS (1105) may further comprisecontrol units such as MCU, DCU, and SCU that control MPU, ADU and BSUrespectively. The users may login to BCU (1101) directly or remotelythrough a network connection. After logging in, users may open GUI(1112) with the pointing device and launch CCS (1105) module tomonitor/control various components of the bioenergy system.Additionally, users may use GUI (1112) to invoke processes thatautomatically wait for a request for electrical power (REP) andsubsequently process received requests from UCUs. The BCU (1101) mayalso calculate available electrical power (AEP) using monitored/measureddata from CCS (1105) and EGU efficiency. When BCU (1101) receivesauthorization for electric power, CCS (1105) may automatically connectEGU to ETG transmitting on-demand power after negotiating quantity.According to the present preferred exemplary embodiment, automatedprocesses invoked within BCU (1101) may enable efficient communicationbetween suppliers and renewable energy producers. Furthermore, theautomated processes within BCU (1101) may allow for reliable on-demandsupply of dairy farm bioenergy.

System Summary

The present invention system anticipates a wide variety of variations inthe basic theme of stored renewable energy utilizing stored bioenergy orbiogas, but can be generalized as a bioenergy storage and managementsystem comprising one or more of the following but not necessarilyrequiring all:

-   -   (a) biogas generation unit (BGU);    -   (b) biogas storage unit (BSU);    -   (c) stored energy electric generation unit (SEGU); and    -   (d) biogas control unit (BCU);    -   wherein    -   the BGU is configured to produce biogas;    -   the BGU is configured to transfer the biogas to the BSU;    -   the BSU is configured to store the biogas;    -   the BSU is configured to transfer the biogas to the SEGU;    -   the SEGU is configured to generate electric power with the        transferred biogas;    -   the BCU is configured to monitor the status of the BGU and the        BSU;    -   the BCU is configured to control the operation of the BGU and        the BSU;    -   the BCU is configured to control electrical coupling of the SEGU        to an electric transmission grid (ETG); and    -   the BCU is configured to communicate with an utility company.

This general system summary may be augmented by the various elementsdescribed herein to produce a wide variety of invention embodimentsconsistent with this overall design description.

Method Summary

The present invention method anticipates a wide variety of variations inthe basic theme of implementation, but can be generalized as a bioenergystorage and management method wherein the method is performed on abioenergy storage and management system comprising:

-   -   (a) biogas generation unit (BGU);    -   (b) biogas storage unit (BSU);    -   (c) stored energy electric generation unit (SEGU); and    -   (d) biogas control unit (BCU);    -   wherein    -   the BGU is configured to produce biogas;    -   the BGU is configured to transfer the biogas to the BSU;    -   the BSU is configured to store the biogas;    -   the BSU is configured to transfer the biogas to the SEGU;    -   the SEGU is configured to generate electric power with the        transferred biogas;    -   the BCU is configured to monitor the status of the BGU and the        BSU;    -   the BCU is configured to control the operation of the BGU and        the BSU;    -   the BCU is configured to control electrical coupling of the SEGU        to an electric transmission grid (ETG); and    -   the BCU is configured to communicate with an utility company;    -   wherein the method comprises the steps of:    -   (1) with the BCU, waiting for a request for electrical power        (REP) indicating quantity (power level and duration) from a        utility company;    -   (2) with the BCU, acknowledging the REP to the utility company;    -   (3) with the BCU, calculating available electrical energy and        power (AEP) from the stored biogas;    -   (4) with the BCU, determining if the AEP is greater than 0, and        if so, proceeding to step (7);    -   (5) with the BCU, responding with non-availability to the        utility company;    -   (6) with the BGU, generating biogas and proceeding to the step        (1);    -   (7) with the BCU, responding with the AEP quantity to the        utility company;    -   (8) with the utility company, sending authorization to the BCU,        for a negotiated electrical power (NEP) that is less than or        equal to the AEP;    -   (9) with the BCU, determining if the NEP is required        instantaneously, and if not, proceeding to step (11);    -   (10) with the BCU, connecting the SEGU to the ETG, transmitting        the NEP and proceeding to the step (1); and    -   (11) with the BCU, connecting the SEGU to the ETG at a scheduled        time, transmitting the NEP and proceeding to the step (1).

This general method summary may be augmented by the various elementsdescribed herein to produce a wide variety of invention embodimentsconsistent with this overall design description.

System/Method Variations

The present invention anticipates a wide variety of variations in thebasic theme of bioenergy. The examples presented previously do notrepresent the entire scope of possible usages. They are meant to cite afew of the almost limitless possibilities.

This basic system and method may be augmented with a variety ofancillary embodiments, including but not limited to:

-   -   An embodiment wherein the BGU further comprises:    -   manure processing unit (MPU); and    -   anaerobic digester unit (ADU);    -   wherein    -   the MPU is configured to process manure or organic feedstock;    -   the MPU is configured to supply the processed manure or organics        to the ADU;    -   the ADU is configured to produce the biogas using the ADP;    -   the ADU is configured to produce an effluent using the ADP; and    -   the ADU is configured to transfer the biogas to the BSU.    -   An embodiment wherein said communication further comprises:    -   (a) producer communication device (PCD);    -   (b) utility communication device (UCD); and    -   (c) utility control unit (UCU);    -   wherein    -   the PCD is configured to permit remote control and monitoring of        the BCU;    -   the PCD is configured to communicate with the UCD;    -   the UCD is configured to communicate with the PCD under control        of the UCU; and    -   the UCU is configured to permit remote control and monitoring of        the BCU via data transferred to and from the PCD.    -   An embodiment wherein:    -   the PCD comprises a transmitter (PTR) and a receiver (PCR);    -   the UCD comprises a transmitter (CTR) and a receiver (CCR);    -   the PTR is configured to communicate with the CCR; and    -   the CTR is configured to communicate with the PCR.    -   An embodiment wherein the SEGU further comprises:    -   electric generator to convert the biogas into the electrical        power; and    -   transformer configured to electrically couple output from the        electric generator to the ETG.    -   An embodiment wherein the SEGU further comprises:    -   electric generator to convert the biogas into the electrical        power; and    -   transformer configured to electrically couple output from the        electric generator to a user transmission line (UTL).    -   An embodiment wherein the ETG is configured to be coupled to the        SEGU and an alternate renewable generation unit (AEGU).    -   An embodiment wherein the MPU is further configured to separate        the processed manure into high content solids and low content        solids.    -   An embodiment wherein the manure is procured from a dairy farm.    -   An embodiment wherein the manure is human waste procured from a        waste water treatment plant.    -   An embodiment wherein the manure is an organic waste.    -   An embodiment wherein the ADU is further configured to transfer        the biogas to the SEGU.    -   An embodiment wherein the BSU is configured to store the biogas        for less than 7 days.    -   An embodiment wherein plural BSUs are configured to store the        biogas.    -   An embodiment wherein the plural BSUs are configured to transfer        the biogas to the SEGU.    -   An embodiment wherein the plural BSUs are configured to store        the biogas for less than 7 days.    -   An embodiment wherein the ADU is further configured to store the        biogas.    -   An embodiment wherein the ADU is configured to store the biogas        for less than 7 days.    -   An embodiment wherein plural ADUs are configured to produce the        biogas.    -   An embodiment wherein the plural ADUs are configured to store        the biogas.    -   An embodiment wherein the plural ADUs are configured to transfer        the biogas to the SEGU.    -   An embodiment wherein the plural ADUs are configured to store        the biogas for less than 7 days.    -   An embodiment wherein the ADU is further configured to transfer        the effluent to an effluent processing unit (EPU) to produce a        fertilizer.    -   An embodiment wherein the BCU is configured to instantaneously        couple the SEGU to the ETG.    -   An embodiment wherein the ECU is configured to schedule coupling        of the SEGU to the ETG.    -   An embodiment wherein the PCD and the UCD are configured to        communicate wirelessly.    -   An embodiment wherein the PCD and the UCD are configured to        communicate using a wired connection.    -   An embodiment wherein the BCU and the UCU are configured to        communicate using a manual connection.    -   An embodiment wherein the BCU is configured to calculate        available electrical power (AEP) based on measured quality and        quantity of the stored biogas in the BSU, and efficiency of the        SEGU.

One skilled in the art will recognize that other embodiments arepossible based on combinations of elements taught within the aboveinvention description.

CONCLUSION

A bioenergy management system and method for generating and supplyingon-demand auxiliary electrical power has been disclosed. Thesystem/method includes a biogas generation unit (BGU) that producesbiogas from digestible organic material including dairy farm manure andstores the generated biogas in a biogas storage unit (BSU). A storedenergy electric generation unit (SEGU) converts the stored biogas toelectricity. A biogas control unit (BCU) measures the quality andquantity of biogas stored in the BSU and calculates available electricpower (AEP) from this information. Depending on auxiliary electricalpower requirements, a utility control unit (UCU) initiates an on-demandrequest for electric power (REP) to the BCU using a producercommunication device (PCD)/utility communication device (UCD) data link.The BCU processes the REP from the UCU and negotiates electrical power(NEP) quantity. The BCU may electrically connect the SEGU to an electrictransmission grid (ETG) to allow instantaneous or scheduled NEP deliveryto the ETG.

What is claimed is:
 1. A bioenergy storage and management systemcomprising: (a) an anaerobic digester unit (ADU) to generate and storebiogas; (b) stored energy electric generation unit (SEGU); and (c)biogas control unit (BCU); wherein said ADU is configured to store anamount of said biogas needed for demand and to transfer said biogas tosaid SEGU; said SEGU is configured to generate electric power with saidtransferred biogas; and said BCU is configured to initiate said SEGU inresponse to a request for on demand power from an utility company, anindependent system operator, a utility intermediary entity, from anenergy storage device, or from an onsite consumer.
 2. The bioenergystorage and management system of claim 1 wherein said ADU furthercomprises a manure processing unit (MPU); and wherein said MPU isconfigured to process manure; said MPU is configured to supply saidprocessed manure to said ADU; said ADU is configured to produce saidbiogas using an Anaerobic Digestion Process (ADP); and said ADU isconfigured to produce an effluent using said ADP.
 3. The bioenergystorage and management system of claim 1 further comprises: (a) producercommunication device (PCD); (b) utility communication device (UCD); and(c) utility control unit (UCU); wherein said PCD is configured to permitremote control and monitoring of said BCU; said PCD is configured tocommunicate with said UCD; said UCD is configured to communicate withsaid PCD under control of said UCU; and said UCU is configured to permitremote control and monitoring of said BCU.
 4. The bioenergy storage andmanagement system of claim 3 wherein: said PCD comprises a transmitter(PTR) and a receiver (PCR); said UCD comprises a transmitter (CTR) and areceiver (CCR); said PTR is configured to communicate with said CCR; andsaid CTR is configured to communicate with said PCR.
 5. The bioenergystorage and management system of claim 1 wherein said SEGU furthercomprises: (a) electric generator to convert said biogas into saidelectrical power; and (b) transformer configured to electrically coupleoutput from said electric generator to said ETG or to an energy storagedevice.
 6. The bioenergy storage and management system of claim 1wherein said SEGU further comprises: (a) electric generator to convertsaid biogas into said electrical power; and (b) transformer configuredto electrically couple output from said electric generator to a usertransmission line (UTL).
 7. The bioenergy storage and management systemof claim 1 wherein said ETG is configured to be coupled to said SEGU andan alternate renewable generation unit (AEGU).
 8. The bioenergy storageand management system of claim 2 wherein said MPU is further configuredto separate said processed manure into high content solids and lowcontent solids.
 9. The bioenergy storage and management system of claim2 wherein said manure is procured from a dairy farm.
 10. The bioenergystorage and management system of claim 2 wherein said ADU is furtherconfigured to transfer said biogas to said SEGU.
 11. The bioenergystorage and management system of claim 2 wherein said ADU is furtherconfigured to store said biogas.
 12. The bioenergy storage andmanagement system of claim 2 wherein said ADU is further configured totransfer said effluent to an effluent processing unit (EPU) to produce afertilizer.
 13. The bioenergy storage and management system of claim 1wherein said BCU is configured to instantaneously couple said SEGU tosaid ETG.
 14. The bioenergy storage and management system of claim 1wherein said BCU is configured to schedule coupling of said SEGU to saidETG.
 15. The bioenergy storage and management system of claim 1 whereinsaid BCU is configured to calculate available electrical power (AEP)based on measured quality and quantity of said stored biogas in saidBSU, and efficiency of said SEGU.
 16. The bioenergy storage andmanagement system of claim 1 wherein said BCU is configured to activatethe SEGU based on highest rate for electrical power.